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Language involves an array of aspects in regards to daily communication. It involves the processes of how one understands (receptive language) and verbally produces language (expressive language). An SLP (Speech Language Pathologists) can train or re-train strategies that compensate for weaknesses as Auditory/linguistic processing challenges, CAPD (Central Auditory Processing Disorder), and Social/pragmatic language challenges.
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These disorders involve motor diagnosis such as Cerebral Palsy or Down’s Syndrome. An SLP can help improve poor strength, range of motion and/or speed of oral motor muscle affecting successful eating. An SLP can also help children who are picky eaters and who don’t like to eat. Children with feeding tubes as well as those with the classification of “failure to thrive” can also benefit from speech and language therapy. Swallowing disorders may be more prevalent in children with Down’s Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy and Stroke.
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Children and/or adults with a hearing loss can benefit from speech and language services in a variety of ways. SLP’s can train in sign language as well as retraining the hearing mechanism to function to its optimal potential. SLP can also train the ability to lip read and also help those who have received a cochlear implant. Often children with chronic otitis media are seen by an SLP due to temporary hearing loss which occurred during critical language development. Often these children have moderate-severe articulation disorders. Hearing loss may be more prevalent in children with Down’s Syndrome.
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In speech, vocal tract movements for speech sound production involves accuracy in placement of the articulators, timing, direction of movements, force extended, speed of response and neural integration of all events. Articulation disorders affect how well one’s speech is understood by strangers. Articulation Disorders may be more prevalent in children with Apraxia of Speech (motor planning), unintelligible speech, non-verbal children, cleft palate, Cerebral Palsy, Down’s Syndrome and Autism.
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Involuntary repetitions and prolongation of speech sounds and syllables, and fluency interruptions that the individual struggles
to end. An SLP can train strategies for smooth speech that in turn results in increased intelligibility and higher self esteem. An early diagnosis (2-4 years old) is most beneficial.
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Any deviation in pitch, intensity, quality, or other basic vocal attribute which consistently interferes with communication, draws unfavorable attention and adversity affects the speaker or listener. Children with voice disorders may sound husky, hoarse, or breathy. An SLP teaches how to use the voice and respiratory system appropriately to achieve optimal quality of voice for the child or adult. Voice Disorders may be more prevalent in children with cleft palate, stroke and vocal nodules.
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The use of non-vocal instruments and approaches by those who cannot communicate vocally; includes picture boards, computer
assisted devices, and sign language. Children who do not have the ability to speak are given the opportunity to communicate wants, needs & feelings. Augmentative and Alternative Communication may be more prevalent in children with Cerebral Palsy, Autism, non-verbal and unintelligible speech.
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